Optimization of Mangiferin from Mango (<i>Mangifera</i><i>indica</i> L.) Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

Background: Mangifera indica L., commonly known as mango, is a significant source of mangiferin. Therapeutic studies have confirmed various medicinal effects of mangiferin, including gastro-protective, cardio-protective, neuro-protective, anti-apoptotic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, antidepressant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and analgesic properties. Objectives: The present study aims to optimize the extraction of mangiferin from mango leaves to maximize its use in the pharmaceutical and supplement industries. Methods: To achieve optimal extraction conditions, we investigated four variable parameters in the dynamic maceration extraction method: Time, solvent concentration, temperature, and solvent-to-powdered leaves ratio. The amount of mangiferin was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using response surface statistical methods. A total of 29 experiments were designed using the Box-Behnken experimental design method, and these trials were conducted under specified conditions using the dynamic maceration extraction method. The obtained extracts were injected into an HPLC device three times to determine the mangiferin content and finalize the appropriate extraction method. Results: Variance analysis results indicated that the highest amount of mangiferin was obtained using the dynamic maceration extraction method under the conditions of 66% ethanol solvent, 54°C temperature, 88 minutes duration, and a solvent-to-leaf powder ratio of 1:19. Under these optimal conditions, 50.68 ± 0.65 mg of mangiferin was extracted from one gram of dry mango leaf powder. Conclusions: The dynamic maceration method under the specified conditions yielded the highest amount of mangiferin, demonstrating its potential for effective use in the pharmaceutical and supplement industries.