Facile synthesis of graphene oxide via equivalent Hummers’ method: Comprehensive characterizations and analysis

This study presents a comparative analysis of four graphene oxide GOs samples synthesized using different methods: The Traditional Hummers’ Method GO1(HM), Modified Hummers’ Method GO2(MHM), Improved Hummers’ Method GO3(IHM), and a novel Equivalent Hummers’ Method GO4(EHM). A new approach for a short time 7hrs30min of synthesizing graphene oxide GOs high-yield 6.2gm powder through an Equivalent Hummers’ Method (EHM). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms its −COOH, C−H and carbonyl, hydroxyl group for graphite and GO Powder respectively. A reciprocal lattice of X-ray diffraction (XRD) captures (001) and (002) the plane of orientation in its direct lattice structure with interplanar distance 0.770.33 nm for GO. Raman spectroscopy reveals the degree of oxidation, defectiveness, and lack of contamination through first and second phonon higher-ordered peaks. Raman spectra calculated the value of ID/IG ratio of graphite 0.154 and after reduction in the case of graphene oxide, it is increased to 0.985. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images confirm the successful oxidation of graphite flakes, resulting in tailored functional groups. This technique is an efficient synthesis suitable for diverse applications such as energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and biomedical devices.