Anti-diabetic and Anti-inflammatory activities of Various Green Solvent Extracts of Ficus drupacea Leaves

Background: The purpose of this research was to explore the potential anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of green solvent extracts obtained from Ficus drupacea leaves. Additionally, the study highlights the safety and viability of green solvents as alternatives to organic solvents. Methods: The study employed a sequential extraction process using Soxhlet extraction technique with increasing polarity of solvents i.e., dimethyl carbonate, isopropyl alcohol, hydro alcohol (ethanol: water - 60:40) and water. The dried concentrated extracts were then analyzed for their anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities through standard in-vitro techniques. The investigation included an in-vitro approach i.e., heat-induced denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to determine the anti-inflammatory properties while α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays were used to assess the extracts for anti-diabetic activity. Reference drugs such as diclofenac sodium and acarbose were used for the comparison. Results: Among the various green solvent extracts (dimethyl carbonate, isopropyl alcohol, hydro alcohol and water extracts), hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus drupacea leaves exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the significant anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects of Ficus drupacea leaves in in-vitro models.