Microalgal based bioactive compound: A novel source for antimicrobial resistance

Microalgae are the photosynthetic organisms, which are present in ocean waters and littoral environments. It is also known as phytoplankton a. Secondary metabolites are compounds that can be separated and purified from microalgae, plants, bacteria, and other organisms with the capacity for biological activity are known as bioactive chemicals. Terpenoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, alkenes, and phlorotannin are among the bioactive substances found in algae that have antibacterial properties. Numerous substances found in microalgae have the ability to inhibit bacteria and other microorganisms and serve as antibacterial agents. One of the primary emphasis areas for developing novel antimicrobial agents is marine microalgae. Using a variety of extraction methods and antimicrobial tests, many microalgae were assessed for their ability to defend towards gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria, particularly food and plant diseases. The antibacterial activity was verified using spot-on-lawn and disc diffusion tests. The extracts' efficacy was assessed by measuring their minimum inhibition concentrations. Strong inhibitory action was demonstrated by three microalgae, specifically Tetraselmis suecica, Chaetoceros muelleri, and Isochrysis galbana, against gram-positive bacteria. Following their selection for extra purification and investigation, these micro algae species were identified as compounds. Utilizing a combination of various chromatography methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Linoleic acid, oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are the main substances that were found and isolated in the extracts. These substances have the ability to stop gram-positive bacteria from growing. This suggests that microalgae and their antibacterial components might be used as bio control agents to prevent plant and food diseases.