The Potential of Ganoderma applanatum Polysaccharides Extracts on Apoptosis, Necrosis, TNF-α, and IL-6 in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Mice

Carcinogenic Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) compounds are a class of nitrosamine compounds that have a negative impact on the body, often found in food preservatives. The increasing amount of DEN will damage the spleen organ so that the functional spleen organ decreases. The damage can include degeneration, intracellular accumulation, necrosis, and inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6 have an effect on tumor growth, IL-6 cytokines function as trophic factors for malignancy of cancer cells, TNF-α plays a role in cancer cell inflammation. Polysaccharides contained in G. applanatum such as ß-glucan have immunomodulating properties that can be developed as a strong biological response for cancer therapy. This study will examine the potential of G. applanatum polysaccharide extract on the percentage of apoptosis, necrosis, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in DEN-induced mice. Female DDY mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6). The research method was carried out by comparing the normal control group (KN) given water; negative control (K-) given DEN 100mg/kg BW; positive control (K+) given DEN 100mg/kg BW and Doxorubicin 10 mg/kg BW; and treatment (P) given DEN 100mg/kg BW and G. applanatum extract 150mg/kg BW. G. applanatum polysaccharide extract showed a significant increase in the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis. G. applanatum polysaccharide extract 150mg/kg BW showed a significant decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In summary, the polysaccharides extract of G. applanatum are promising potential anticancer treatment.