Assessment of spirometry parameters abnormalities in Diabetic patients: A comparative study with COPD and Asthma

Objective: To evaluate pulmonary function in diabetic patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma and to investigate the potential correlation between the duration of diabetes and the severity of spirometry abnormalities. Study design: It was a Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at Integrated Medical Care Hospital Lahore, over a 4 month of duration from October 1, 2024, to January 2025. Material and Methods: In this study, 88 subjects underwent clinical and biochemical glycemic control and spirometry assessments at Integrated Medical Care Hospital Lahore, over a 4 month of duration. Results: Total of 88 patients (mean age 55.1 years) were included. Diabetic asthma and COPD patients had more compromised FVC (1.5 ± 0.3 L vs. 2.8 ± 0.4 L, p < 0.05) and FEV₁ (1.0 ± 0.2 L vs. 2.5 ± 0.3 L, p < 0.05) compared to the non-diabetics, with a less favorable FEV₁/FVC ratio (p = 0.002) reflecting increased airflow limitation Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relation between diabetes and obstructive/restrictive spirometric patterns (p = 0.005), but diabetic groups had a more severe disease (p = 0.038). Linear regression also validated that there was a significant decrease in lung function with prolonged disease duration (p < 0.002). The results indicate the adverse effect of diabetes on lung function, supporting early screening and combination disease management.