Colecistectomia laparoscópica versus aberta no tratamento da colecistite aguda: uma revisão sistemática

To evaluate, through systematic review, the available evidence comparing laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in the management of acute cholecystitis, focusing on complications, hospital stay, conversion rate, and mortality. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies from 2018 to 2024 were selected in PubMed, Randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, comparative observational studies, and meta-analyses were included. Key outcomes were operative time, complications, hospital stay, conversion rate, and mortality. Seventeen studies were included. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was associated with shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and lower surgical site infection rates. Open cholecystectomy, on the other hand, was favored in severe inflammation, distorted anatomy, or intraoperative complications. Laparoscopic surgery is the preferred approach in most cases of acute cholecystitis due to lower morbidity and faster recovery. The open approach remains relevant in high-risk orcomplex situations.