Quantum vs. Classical Approaches: A Comparative Study and Future Perspectives

The paper provides an exploration of quantum computing, emphasizing its potential and challenges. It begins with the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and differentiates between classical and quantum computing, focusing on concepts like qubits, superposition, and entanglement. The authors identify the existing limitations in practical quantum applications, particularly within the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, where issues like noise in quantum circuits hinder scalability and reliability. The paper addresses the need for advancements in hardware, error correction techniques, and practical algorithms tailored for current technological constraints. Additionally, it discusses the implications of quantum computing on cryptography, underscoring the vulnerability of traditional cryptographic methods and the urgency for postquantum cryptographic solutions. The methodology involves literature review, expert consultations, and bibliometric analysis to gauge global research trends in quantum computing. The paper highlights crucial research gaps, particularly in the development of scalable quantum algorithms suitable for near-future applications.