Funding Nationwide HIE and HIS: Case Kanta Services 2003–2024 in Finland

After the construction of the KanTa development program services by 2010, the plan was that the launched and operating services were to be funded through service user fees. However, there exist no literature on the service user fees of the Kanta Services. In this research, we utilized official documents to compile the whole of development, construction, adoption and implementation costs, and in addition, operating costs and user fees of the nationwide Kanta Services in Finland from the government perspective. The State budget was used to fund the Kanta Services' development, and funding was estimated at least EUR 415 million (including government grants) in 2003-2024. The Kanta Services' user groups were estimated to pay EUR 363 million user fees in 2012-2024.