Perspectives on physical activity among women with fibromyalgia: a qualitative study

Abstract Aim This study aimed to understand physical activity (PA) behaviors and beliefs in fibromyalgia (FM) patients to address intervention needs. Subject and methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews based on five social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs: behavioral capability, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and social support. Ten female FM patients aged 18–65 were interviewed for 30–60 min. Data were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. Results Findings organized by SCT constructs revealed eight key themes. For behavioral capacity, participants reported a lack of knowledge about PA and the need for a person-centered approach. Regarding outcome expectations, they focused on perceived health benefits. Self-efficacy was influenced by past negative experiences, environmental barriers, and personal challenges. Integrating PA into daily routines emerged as a form of self-regulation, while positive social interactions were critical for social support. Conclusion This study identified factors and beliefs related to PA behavior in FM patients, offering suggestions for developing effective PA interventions. Fostering self-efficacy and addressing social support, along with telehealth, can help overcome barriers and enhance long-term PA adherence.