Underwater Acoustic Positioning Simulation and Sea Area Verification

This study investigates underwater acoustic propagation and localization in the southwestern waters of Taiwan, aiming to enhance maritime safety and vessel tracking capabilities. Utilizing a combination of numerical modeling and field experiments, the research examined sound transmission characteristics, optimized acoustic sensor placement, and evaluated the effectiveness of localization algorithms. Numerical simulations employing the Bellhop model [1] revealed efficient sound propagation patterns, guiding the design of field experiments. Field experiments involving both stationary and towed acoustic systems demonstrated accurate vessel localization within a 2 km radius, achieving horizontal errors below 100 m and depth errors less than 2 m. These findings highlight the feasibility of passive acoustic systems as a reliable and cost-effective supplement to traditional tracking methods such as AIS, effectively addressing limitations in maritime surveillance. The study establishes a robust framework for integrating advanced acoustic technologies into maritime security strategies, providing valuable insights for real-time monitoring and environmental adaptability in challenging underwater conditions. Future applications include expanding operational ranges and enhancing data processing capabilities for broader use in marine resource management and national defense.