Light-driven biomimetic mussel robot with locomotion and adhesion capabilities

Abstract Light-driven flexible machines stand out in the realm of micro-robotics for their ability to harness light energy and convert it directly into mechanical work. They also exhibit the unique capability to navigate freely at the liquid/gas interface, offering non-contact and teleoperated control. By incorporating bionic principles, these miniature, flexible robots achieve a remarkable level of adaptability and versatility. In our research, we introduce a bioinspired, light-driven aquatic robot, crafted from photo-thermal composite materials, that functions on a Marangoni propulsion mechanism. This innovative design allows for the precise modulation of an adhesive chemical compound’s release within the robot’s body, mediated by a meticulously engineered photo-thermal air chamber, which enhances controlled adhesion. Furthermore, we utilize laser processing to endow the robot with a superhydrophobic surface, significantly diminishing water resistance and bolstering propulsion efficiency. The robot’s locomotion and swimming trajectory can be controlled on-demand by selectively illuminating the photo-thermal conversion regions at various points. Our study’s findings underscore the significant potential for the practical deployment of light-driven bioinspired robots at the liquid/gas interface, laying the groundwork for future innovations in light-powered robotics.