The antidiabetic, haematological, and antioxidant implications of Schimpera arabica natural plant on Streptozotocin-diabetic rats

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (Type II) has reached alarming levels globally and the natural product constituents showed significant features that are considered potential alternative agents in this field. The current work focuses on studying certain hypoglycemic natural extracts with antidiabetic implications. In the methods, the antidiabetic, hematological, and antioxidant study of methanol extract of Schimpera arabica in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was conducted in vivo. The rats were induced for diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ) at a dosage of 58 mg/kg. Then 5 groups were separately administrated with the extract (400 mg/kg), metformin (100 mg/kg), and insulin (10 U/kg) according to the experimental design. The results show that 400 mg/kg of S. arabica extract for 2 weeks significantly reduced blood glucose (279.5 ± 24.6 mg/dl) compared to the STZ group with 550.5 ± 15.39 mg/dl. It also exhibited an increased number of white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) compared to metformin and insulin. The extract showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration by about 6.3 %, and the platelet count showed a comparable decrease of 7.2 % compared to the diabetic group. The treatment with extract for 15 days showed a favorable effect on the histopathological change of the pancreas in diabetic rat groups. Phenolic compounds, as identified by LC-MS/MS, have interacted with 115 unique target proteins. In conclusion, the current results suggest the usefulness of the plant extract as an effective adjuvant antidiabetic agent. • Prevalence effect of Schimpera arabica has reached an antidiabetic level. • Heterogeneity and challenges in the treatment mode of action is presented. • The emerging role of red blood cells connection proved the effect of S. arabica extract. • Diagnostic approaches approved the novel strategies through S. arabica target.