US infant formula industry: a qualitative analysis of a major food safety recall and its implications

Abstract A major food safety recall of infant formula in February 2022 in the United States caused significant disruptions in the supply chain that was already fragile, causing a severe shortage in the marketplace. This study examines its implications using data gathered from qualitative interviews with experts in the industry. Key findings provide a detailed map of the US infant formula supply chain, highlight its vulnerabilities during crises, analyze communication dynamics, and summarize coping strategies from stakeholders during this major food safety recall. We highlight key issues at the manufacturing, retail, and consumer level, and provide policy recommendations to strengthen the resiliency of the infant formula industry in the United States, while protecting the consumer.