Wearable plant sensing devices for health monitoring

Plant health monitoring is becoming a key frontier in data-driven, precision and intelligent plant research and crop management. Among the various modalities, wearable sensing devices stand out for their non-invasive nature, high sensitivity, high integration and ability to provide continuous, real-time monitoring. This article summarises the research progress on flexible wearable sensors based on different plant signals and classifies them according to their functions: physical sensors (sensing strain, temperature, humidity, light, etc.), chemical sensors (sensing volatile organic compounds, reactive oxygen species, ions, pigment, etc.) and electrophysiological sensors (sensing action potentials, variation potentials, etc.). The sensing mechanisms and design strategies of these wearable sensors are discussed. Additionally, the challenges currently faced by wearable plant sensors are presented, along with prospects for their future development. • This review summarizes various types of wearable plant health monitoring sensors developed in recent years. • This review summarizes the shortcomings of the current wearable plant health monitoring sensors. • This review points out the advantages and importance of wearable sensors in plant health monitoring. • This review provides reliable ideas for optimizing plant growth with wearable sensors.