Adversarial Examples in Consumer Electronics: Deceptive Threats to AI Systems

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a cornerstone of modern consumer electronics (CE), seamlessly integrating into domains, such as FinTech, smart homes, autonomous driving, and information security. By processing diverse data types, such as voice, images, videos, and wireless radio-frequency signals, AI has enhanced feature extraction, prediction, and recognition, making everyday life more convenient. However, as reliance on AI systems grows, adversarial examples (ADVs) pose a growing threat, exploiting vulnerabilities in AI models with imperceptible perturbations. These deceptive attacks have significant implications for CE systems, where security lapses can result in far-reaching societal and economic consequences.