Challenges and opportunities for developing a smart city based on artificial intelligence

The swift evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ushered in new possibilities for creating smart cities, providing innovative solutions to urban issues while offering distinct avenues for sustainable development. This article investigates the challenges and prospects of establishing AI-enhanced smart cities, particularly on critical urban infrastructure, transportation systems, energy management, public safety, and citizen involvement. Although AI technologies promise to increase efficiency, lower expenses, and enhance the quality of life, their deployment is fraught with challenges. These challenges encompass concerns regarding data privacy, ethical dilemmas, substantial implementation costs, and the necessity for comprehensive regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, incorporating AI into pre-existing urban systems necessitates the resolution of issues related to data interoperability, cybersecurity threats, and the digital divide. Conversely, numerous opportunities exist, including the capacity for real-time decision-making, predictive analytics, and developing more inclusive and resilient urban settings. This article underscores the significance of public-private collaborations, citizen engagement, and ethical governance of AI in addressing these challenges and optimising AI’s advantages in advancing smart cities. By analysing practical case studies and emerging trends, this research offers an in-depth understanding of how AI can influence the future of urban living, thereby facilitating the emergence of more intelligent, more sustainable cities.