MODERN LINGUISTICS AND ITS DEFINING PRINCIPLES

The article is devoted to modern linguistics and its defining principle.Cognitivists associate grammar, that is, the grammatical structure of language, and even the phonetic system, with cognitive essence.True, they themselves note that it is extremely difficult to show traces of the meaning of the world in sounds and grammatical patterns.But at the same time they do not deny the possibility of this.The main and fundamental postulates of cognitive linguistics are When it is done, it becomes clear that language as a whole determines the uniqueness of the people's consciousness in the perception of the world.It is precisely language that stands between the people's consciousness and the world and plays a kind of intermediary role.Language encodes and preserves knowledge about the world.Modern linguistics, which has such an attitude towards language and sees the main function of language in the assimilation and encoding of knowledge, brings to the fore the problem of epistemology.Epistemology is a term derived from the Greek root episteme and means "scientific knowledge", "true knowledge".Naturally, cognitive linguistics should pay special attention to the problem of epistemology, since cognitivism, as a general scientific direction, brings to the fore the problem of cognitive patterns.The basis of the direction is the idea of cognition.Cognition consists of three stages, the first of which is familiarization with information, the second -the production of information, and, finally, the third -the presentation of information.All three stages and cognitivism as a whole are directly and closely related to the problem of epistemology.As is known, the basis of epistemology is the contradiction between scientific knowledge and ordinary opinion, in English, science and opinion.The main question of epistemology is: are people's ideas about life and the environment true or false?Is our knowledge of life true or false?In philosophical terms, the difference between empirical and rational knowledge is fundamental or not.