Techniques of skull opening and brain extraction: Contemporary approaches and technical considerations

Skull dissection and brain removal for dissection remain key steps in neuroanatomical procedures, both in anatomical education and scientific research. A technically correct skull opening and dissection determines the ability to explore the structures of the central nervous system further. It allows for preserving skull base topography for educational or scientific purposes. This article compares selected skull opening techniques applied in anatomical and neuroanatomical practice. The paper also highlights technical modifications and offers technical suggestions for skull dissection in teaching and research. Classical skull opening techniques, such as calvarial cap removal and median bisection, remain fundamental in anatomical dissection. Their modifications allow for enhanced visualization of intracranial structures and better preservation of cranial nerves. These approaches support both educational and technical goals in neuroanatomical training. • The article presents classical and modified techniques for skull opening in anatomical dissections. • The article presents a posterior skull base approach to enhance cranial nerve preservation during dissection. • The article provides practical suggestions for skull base access and brain removal in anatomical teaching.