Nanotechnology for understanding the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity in bone carcinoma

Bone carcinoma face serious issues in its treatment owing to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the potential of bone metastasis. Nanotechnology provides potential strategies for addressing the intricacies and heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment in bone cancer. Recent developments in understanding the complexity of TME made it possible to precisely deliver onsite therapeutics for bone tumors, which minimized the side effects and improves the patient condition. Despite of the advancement, further exploration is needed for better therapeutic methods and preclinical research. To further enhance the detection and treatment of bone cancer, future research prospects include the progress in immunotherapies that specially targets bones and integrated therapeutic methods. This review will discuss the strategies and advancements in the diagnosis of bone carcinoma focusing on diagnostic imaging and targeted delivery of drugs for controlling and understanding of the tumor microenvironment.