Recent advances in intelligent sports based on triboelectric nanogenerators

The development of emerging technologies such as Internet of Things, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) has made athlete digitalization crucial in competitive sports. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging technology for mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing, which offers significant potential in intelligent sports by reducing battery dependency. This paper reviews the recent advancements in TENG applications for intelligent sports, toward the future application of artificial intelligence for sports. Firstly, the working mechanism of TENG and its relationship with big data in sports are introduced. Subsequently, the focus shifts to the applications of TENGs in sports facilities, wearable equipment, and medical health devices. In addition, the integration of TENG with hybrid nanogenerators is explored for multi-functional and precise motion sensing. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of TENGs in intelligent sports are also discussed.