Breast cancer etiology in Sudanese women: an analysis of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors

Breast carcinoma represents a significant health challenge worldwide, with a notable incidence in Sudan, accounting for approximately 34% of total malignancies in females. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap by examining the influence of socio-demographic factors and lifestyle choices on the development of breast cancer among Sudanese women. By focusing on a demographic factor that is underrepresented in global breast cancer research, this study provides insights that could contribute to more targeted and culturally relevant healthcare strategies. It was prospective descriptive study conducted in 201 women presenting with breast lumps. Data were collected through cytological assessments and a questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Of the participants, 55.7% had inflammation and 22.4% had malignancies. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test revealed a higher incidence of malignancies among women aged 26–35, from Northern tribes, married, with secondary education, and housewives (P < 0.05). Obstetric history showed a significant association between malignancies and having 1–3 children and not currently lactating (P < 0.05). Tobacco use and contraceptive use were notable. The findings highlight the significant influence of socio-demographic factors and obstetric history on breast cancer etiology in Sudanese women. Sudanese women, with a significant correlation found in certain age groups, marital status, and educational levels. These findings emphasize the need for targeted public health strategies. A further community -based multistate research is recommended.