Analysis and research on influencing factors of interactive decision-making between electric vehicles and power grids

As the global energy crisis and environmental problems become increasingly severe, electric vehicles have become carrier transportation field due to their zero-emission and energy-saving characteristics. Large-scale popularization of electric vehicles has brought dual impacts, increase grid load fluctuations; on the other hand, through reasonable charging regulation and vehicle-network interaction, electric vehicles can be used as distributed energy storage resources to improve the efficiency and stability of power grid operation. However, at present, the research on the decision-making influencing factors of the interaction is still insufficient, and it is urgent to discuss its key driving factors and optimization paths in depth. Based on the actual data analysis, this paper makes an empirical study on the influencing factors of interactive decision-making between electric vehicles and power grid by using multiple regression model. The research results show that the charging behavior of electric vehicle owners is mainly affected by the fluctuation of electricity prices, charging convenience and renewable energy penetration rate. At the grid level, the increase in the proportion of distributed photovoltaic installed capacity has significantly increased the V2G participation rate. In addition, under different policy incentives, there are significant differences in the willingness of car owners to accept V2G: subsidy policies can increase the participation rate of car owners by 15%–20%. Based on this, this paper puts forward suggestions such as optimizing the charging pricing mechanism, improving the coverage of smart charging infrastructure, and promoting policy innovation related to vehicle-network interaction.