Vegetable oil intake:The distinctive trilateral relationship of bile acid, gut microbiota and health

As an important source of dietary fat, vegetable oil affects the metabolism of bile acids, which in turn affects the gut microbiota. Bile acids play a crucial role in promoting emulsification and digestion of fat, and the gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism and influences fat absorption. These interactions affect the efficiency of fat absorption in the intestine, metabolic activities and thus overall health. To analyse the interaction mechanism of vegetable oils, bile acids and the gut microbiota and to explore how these interactions jointly affect lipid metabolism, energy balance and overall health of the human body. Vegetable oil, bile acids and the gut microbiota are closely linked, and their interactions have important effects on human health. Future studies should further delve into these mechanisms and explore personalised nutrition intervention strategies for public health. • The relationship between vegetable oil, bile acids and gut microbiota was described for the first time. • The effects of characteristic substances in vegetable oils on bile acids and gut microbiota were described comprehensively. • The effects of different vegetable oils on bile acids and gut microbiota on health were summarised.