One Decade Into the Replication Crisis, How Have Psychological Results Changed?

A psychology article’s p values say a lot about how its studies were conducted and whether its results are likely to replicate. Examining p values across the entire literature can, in turn, shed light on the state of psychology overall and how it has changed since the start of the replication crisis. In the present research, I investigate strong ( p < .01) and weak (.01 ≤ p < .05) p values reported across 240,355 empirical psychology articles from 2004 to 2024. Over this period and across every subdiscipline, the typical study has begun reporting markedly stronger p values. Nowadays, articles reporting strong p values are also more often published in top journals and receive more citations. Yet it also appears that robust research is still not correspondingly linked to career success given that researchers at the highest ranked universities tend to publish articles with the weakest p values. Investigating language usage suggests that two-thirds of this association can be explained by highly ranked universities preferring laborious, expensive, and subtle research topics even though these generally produce weaker results. Altogether, these findings point to the strength of most contemporary psychological research and suggest academic incentives have begun to promote such research. However, there remain key questions about the extent to which robustness is truly valued compared with other research aspects.