The species composition of oral microflora in normal conditions, pathologies, and in individuals with prosthetic constructions

This article presents a literature review focusing on changes in the species composition of the oral microbiota under different conditions, emphasising the importance of maintaining the microbial balance. The study of the microbiota under normal conditions, pathological conditions and in patients with prostheses is crucial for the development of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Modern research pays particular attention to the effects of prosthetic materials and strategies to control microbial changes. The oral microbiota is a complex ecosystem that includes hundreds of species of bacteria, fungi and viruses that maintain homeostasis and participate in the body’s immune defence. Under normal conditions, commensal microorganisms such as Streptococcus and Veillonella predominate, providing barrier function and regulating inflammatory processes. However, changes in the composition of the microflora can lead to dysbiosis, which is associated with the development of diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis.