From passive bionics to active adaptation: a new strategy for tissue regeneration based on cell-autonomous construction of microenvironments

The field of tissue regeneration and biomimetic materials has progressed from passive mimicry to active adaptation, signifying a transformative shift in addressing the challenges of biological repair. With ongoing technological advancements, the shortcomings of traditional biomimetic materials have become increasingly evident. These materials often lack the capacity to deliver effective reparative outcomes in the complex biological environments of clinical settings. This paper proposes a novel strategy termed "cell-autonomous construction of microenvironments," which enables cells to sense and regulate their surroundings. This approach integrates multidisciplinary innovations, particularly in nanomaterials science, biomechanics, and molecular biology, offering a new solution for tissue regeneration. Central to this strategy is the feedback mechanism by which cells respond to dynamic mechanical signals, emphasizing its crucial role in promoting regenerative tissue repair. Furthermore, the paper explores the potential of functionally oriented, novel bionanomaterials designed for targeted regenerative applications.