City 4.0: Smart Parking Systems with Intelligent Sensor Networks and Adaptive Technologies

Urban areas face significant parking challenges that contribute to traffic congestion and waste time for drivers. As urban areas transform into smart cities, the implementation of an effective smart parking system is essential. This research proposes an innovative parking solution designed to enhance the user-friendliness of the parking experience. It enhances the process, promotes user interactions, saves time, and significantly reduces traffic congestion. The system enables users to locate parking facilities easily and provides real-time information on free spots. The proposed system integrates modern technologies, including LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and magnetic sensors (MS), to detect available parking spaces through 5G connectivity. Augmented reality (AR) navigation facilitates dynamic space allocation according to vehicle types, guiding users easily to their designated spots. The system combines automated license plate recognition (ALPR) for faster entry and exit, along with blockchain technology for secure payment processing. Users receive real-time parking updates and charging station statuses, and predictive maintenance keeps everything running efficiently. The integration of these aspects helps transform urban mobility and increase the development of smart cities.