The Internet Exchange and .ID Domain Name Service as a National Critical Information Infrastructure

Internet exchange and .ID domain name services are vital parts of the national digital ecosystem that are vulnerable to attacks and result in system failures and even hamper transactions in cyberspace. This descriptive qualitative research seeks to explain the functions, roles, threats, and impacts of the internet exchange and .ID domain name services. The results show the vulnerability of these two services to attacks that can cause system failures and disrupt transactions in cyberspace, due to the dominant control of non-state actors. The lack of formal recognition that these two services are national vital objects is one of the obstacles to their control. Presidential Regulations No. 62/2004 and 82/2022 provide a legal basis for the state to take over control of these services for the sake of national security. Control by the state does not aim to replace the role of non-state actors, but rather to minimize the potential for disruption and prevent the paralysis of economic activity in cyberspace due to attacks on internet network interconnection centres or domain ID naming services.