Incidental or Symptomatic Adrenal Masses: Series of Cases with Literature Review; An Experience at Tertiary Cancer Care Hospital

Introduction: Adrenal gland is retroperitoneal organ located above kidney. Adrenal neoplasm ranges from asymptomatic cyst to fatal carcinoma. Primary adrenal neoplasm has varied clinical presentation being functional or non-functional, symptomatic or asymptomatic. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of adrenal tumors taking into account the various pathological views of these tumors and their various clinical manifestations. Material and Method: This was a retrospective observational study including the tissue samples of adrenal gland submitted for histopathological evaluation from January 2021 to January 2023. Haematoxylin and Eosin-stained, Formalin Fixed, Paraffin Embedded tissue sections of the study sample were reviewed microscopically to study the histopathological features. Result: The study group showed that majority of cases in >40-year age group, only 2 cases were <40 years of age. Study shows female preponderance. Out of total cases studied most commonly encountered are adreno-cortical carcinoma then pheochromocytoma. Three cases were incidental imaging findings, confirmed later as schwannoma. Conclusion: The spectrum of studied primary adrenal neoplasms showed a varied clinical presentation. They were generally unilateral and solitary. Pheochromocytoma followed by ACC were the frequent tumors encountered. Weiss system has an invaluable role in the diagnosis of ACCs. IHC plays a key role in diagnosing metastatic tumors. Key words: Adrenal neoplasm, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Schwannoma, Pheochromocytoma.