The digital trap: unraveling the neuropsychological impact of technology addiction

In today’s digitally-driven world, technology addiction has become a significant public health issue with serious mental health implications. This review examines the neuropsychological effects of technology addiction, focusing on Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), Social Media Addiction (SMA), nomophobia, and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). Although IGD is recognized in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), technology addiction as a broader category remains unofficial in diagnostic systems like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Findings reveal the involvement of dopaminergic pathways in reinforcing addictive behaviors, brain changes caused by excessive technology use, and impairments in executive functioning, memory, and emotional regulation. Developmental, gender, and cultural factors influencing vulnerability to addiction are also discussed, alongside current therapeutic approaches. The review highlights critical gaps in research and underscores the importance of a nuanced understanding of technology addiction to guide effective psychiatric practice and policy-making.