NoSQL and NewSQL Databases: Scaling beyond relational limits: Aarchitectures, performance and future directions

This article explores the evolution and capabilities of NoSQL and NewSQL databases as solutions that address the limitations of traditional relational database systems in today's data-intensive landscape. It examines the architectural foundations of various NoSQL categories—key-value stores, document databases, column-family stores, and graph databases—highlighting their distinct strengths for different use cases. The emergence of NewSQL databases is presented as a hybrid approach that maintains SQL's transactional integrity while incorporating distributed architectures for enhanced scalability. Through detailed analysis of data modeling strategies, performance considerations, and real-world implementations, the article guides organizations navigating the complex database ecosystem. This article encompasses migration paths from relational systems, polyglot persistence strategies, and emerging trends that are shaping the future of data management technologies in cloud-native and edge computing environments.