Comparative urine proteomic study involving papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid nodules

Overall, 2,479 proteins were used for quantitative analysis. Compared with benign nodules, papillary carcinomas showed significant increases and decreases in the levels of 169 and 27 proteins, respectively. Neck and thyroid tumors were enriched in the disease or function category. More than 100 proteins showed good performance in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (>0.8) upon MS validation. Semaphorin-6D showed good performance (AUC = 0.763) in ELISA validation. Urine proteomics is an effective diagnostic tool for distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Semaphorin-6D may serve as a disease marker for large-scale validation and use. Additionally, this study identified potential biomarkers that warrant further investigation.