Association between osteoporosis and gallstone based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020: a cross-sectional study

This study demonstrates a significant association between osteoporosis and an increased risk of gallstones in older adults. Our findings highlight the importance of routine gallstone screening for individuals with osteoporosis, particularly those with additional risk factors. Femoral neck BMD may serve as a more effective marker of gallstone risk than lumbar spine BMD.