A mechanism to generate varying speed of light via Higgs-dilaton coupling: theory and cosmological applications

Abstract We probe into a class of scale-invariant actions, which allow the Higgs field $$\Phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> to interact with a dilaton field $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> of the background spacetime through the term $$\chi ^{2}\,\Phi ^{\dagger }\Phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>†</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Upon spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking, the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the Higgs field becomes proportional to $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Although this linkage is traditionally employed to make the Planck mass and particle masses dependent on $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , we present an alternative mechanism: the Higgs VEV will be used to construct Planck’s quantum of action $$\hbar $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ħ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and speed of light c . Specifically, each open set vicinity of a given point $$x^{*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> on the spacetime manifold is equipped with a replica of the Glashow–Weinberg–Salam action operating with its own effective values of $$\hbar _{*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>ħ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> and $$c_{*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> per $$\hbar _{*}\propto \chi ^{-1/2}(x^{*})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>ħ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>∝</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$c_{*}\propto \chi ^{1/2}(x^{*})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>∝</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , causing these “fundamental constants” to vary alongside the dynamical field $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Moreover, in each open set around $$x^{*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> , the prevailing value $$\chi (x^{*})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> determines the length and time scales for physical processes occurring in this region as $$l\propto \chi ^{-1}(x^{*})$$</j

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The European Physical Journal C
Published
2025-04-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14082-4
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2
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Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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article

A mechanism to generate varying speed of light via Higgs-dilaton coupling: theory and cosmological applications

Hoang Ky Nguyen
2 citations
The European Physical Journal C
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
2.31
article

A mechanism to generate varying speed of light via Higgs-dilaton coupling: theory and cosmological applications

Hoang Ky Nguyen
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Abstract We probe into a class of scale-invariant actions, which allow the Higgs field $$\Phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> to interact with a dilaton field $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> of the background spacetime through the term $$\chi ^{2}\,\Phi ^{\dagger }\Phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>†</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Upon spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking, the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the Higgs field becomes proportional to $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Although this linkage is traditionally employed to make the Planck mass and particle masses dependent on $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , we present an alternative mechanism: the Higgs VEV will be used to construct Planck’s quantum of action $$\hbar $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ħ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and speed of light c . Specifically, each open set vicinity of a given point $$x^{*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> on the spacetime manifold is equipped with a replica of the Glashow–Weinberg–Salam action operating with its own effective values of $$\hbar _{*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>ħ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> and $$c_{*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> per $$\hbar _{*}\propto \chi ^{-1/2}(x^{*})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>ħ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>∝</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$c_{*}\propto \chi ^{1/2}(x^{*})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>∝</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , causing these “fundamental constants” to vary alongside the dynamical field $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Moreover, in each open set around $$x^{*}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> , the prevailing value $$\chi (x^{*})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> determines the length and time scales for physical processes occurring in this region as $$l\propto \chi ^{-1}(x^{*})$$</j

The European Physical Journal CVol. 85(4)
Babeș-Bolyai University (RO)
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
2.31
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