SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

During the Second World War, Western Kazakhstan emerged as a region of strategic importance, functioning both as a frontline zone and a critical support base for the Soviet Union. The region played a key role in the war effort, hosting evacuated industries and populations from occupied territories. This influx of people transformed the social fabric, necessitating strict regulations to ensure coexistence and maintain order. Propaganda became a central tool in mobilizing the population, fostering unity, and sustaining morale. Through newspapers, radio, theater, and cinema, the Soviet authorities promoted patriotism and resilience, emphasizing the collective goal of defeating fascism. Religious institutions, though often suppressed, were also utilized to rally support for the war effort. The press played a crucial role in disseminating information and shaping public opinion, while cultural activities like theater and cinema served as both entertainment and propaganda mediums. Economic activities, particularly in agriculture and industry, were intensified to support the front lines. Archival documents reveal how daily life in Western Kazakhstan was shaped by these wartime demands, with individuals and communities adapting to harsh conditions. The purpose of the study is to examine the social and cultural dynamics of the region during the war, the relationship between propaganda, economic necessity and the resilience of the population in the face of adversity.