African Belief Systems, Ember Months, and Demonic Forces in Nigeria

Abstract The ember months, which are the last four months of the year, are associated with demonic forces and disastrous occurrences in Nigeria. This brings about general unease and fear during these months. This study draws from observation, interviews, and text analysis. It argues that the paradoxical interplay between African indigenous spiritualities and Pentecostal theology initiated the belief in demonic ember months. Consequently, the belief gained widespread popularity due to the growing influence of Pentecostalism and its emphasis on spiritual empowerment and deliverance from demonic forces. There are also phenomenological contexts that impact the belief, which has become a common Nigerian spiritual orthodoxy. Nigerian society panders to this seasonal spiritual conviction. During the ember months, there is general tension and chaos, and security and safety management take special measures to ensure safety and order. Understanding the ember months’ complexities and life effects could reduce tension and deescalate disasters.