Theoretical mechanism analysis and cyclic test of a improved hybrid beam through frame system

An improved steel hybrid frame system, which integrates the peripheral moment frame design with the beam-through layered-column design in the interior of low-rise to mid-rise steel residential buildings, was proposed in the study. The load transfer mechanisms and deformation compatibility relationships were analyzed using structural mechanics methods. A theoretical preliminary design method was developed, and its effectiveness was validated through Pushover analysis conducted in MIDAS. A representative hybrid frame specimen was designed based on this theoretical framework. Quasi-static cyclic loading tests were performed to assess the practical hysteretic seismic performance . Results demonstrated that the hybrid frame exhibited multiple load-resisting mechanisms while maintaining clear lateral drift compatibility relationships. The damage sequences and load distributions of the indeterminate peripheral frame and interior braces can be analyzed and controlled using structural mechanics principles. Increasing the cross-sectional dimensions of the side columns and beams enhanced horizontal resistance. Certain brace location changes had a limited impact on lateral resistance . Following brace yielding, the peripheral frame accounted for the majority of energy dissipation , while post-yield strength hardening in the braces still contributed to the frame resistance increases under higher sway conditions. The hybrid frame delivered stable load resistance and excellent ductility, with the maximum drift ratio reaching 6 %. • A improved hybrid steel frame that incorporates the braced frame and beam-through frame designs is proposed. • The load transfer mechanism and deformation compatibility relations were analyzed. • Quasi-static cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate hysteretic seismic performance. • The hybrid frame exhibited multiple load-resisting mechanisms and clear drift compatibility relations. • The failure sequence and elastic-plastic resistance developments can be estimated with structural mechanics derivations.