Optimizing photon capture: advancements in amorphous silicon-based microchannel plates

Microchannel plates are electron multipliers widely used in applications such as particle detection, imaging, or mass spectrometry and are often paired with a photocathode to enable photon detection. Conventional microchannel plates, made of glass fibers, face limitations in manufacturing flexibility and integration with electronic readouts. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon-based microchannel plates offer a compelling alternative and provide unique advantages in these areas. Here, we report on the characterization of the time resolution of amorphous silicon-based microchannel plates. Using high photoelectron flux and an amplifier, we measured a time resolution of (4.6 ± 0.1) ps, while at lower fluxes, the arrival time uncertainty increased to (12.6 ± 0.2) ps. By minimizing the distance between the detector and a low-noise amplifier, we achieved a time resolution of (6.1 ± 0.2) ps even at low fluxes, demonstrating the exceptional timing capabilities of these detectors. Furthermore, we developed a new detector generation with funnel-shaped channel openings, increasing the active area to 95% and with simulated electron detection efficiency over 92%. Preliminary testing shows promising results, though challenges remain in single-particle detection. These findings highlight the potential of amorphous silicon-based microchannel plates for applications requiring high temporal resolution and detection efficiency.