China's electronic information technology and high-end equipment—achievements, problems, and analysis

The relatively weak research and development (R&D) and manufacturing of high-end equipment represent the most significant challenges hindering the further advancement of China's electronic information industry. This article analyzes the root causes of challenges by analyzing the classification and global distribution of manufacturing enterprises; it highlights China's lack of the fourth type of manufacturing enterprise—those capable of integrating the latest technological advancements into the R&D, manufacturing, and production of high-end equipment necessitates long-term, stable, and close collaboration among three technical teams: equipment users, equipment manufacturers, and basic technical researchers.