Optimization Study of Restraint Systems for Female Drivers in Reclined Postures during Frontal Collisions

This study investigated the impact of reclined seating positions on the collision safety of female drivers in autonomous vehicles after disengaging from the steering wheel. Using the HIII-05F female dummy model, the study combined simulations and physical tests to examine occupant kinematics and potential safety issues in frontal collisions at three backrest angles (23°, 35°, and 45°). The findings indicated that as the backrest angle increased, the female dummy exhibited submarining, and some injuries showed significant changes. By incorporating anti-submarining measures and optimizing restraint configurations, the results demonstrated that occupant protection could be achieved in different seating positions. Research on occupant injuries and kinematic responses of female dummies in various reclined positions contributed to the protection needs of passengers' seating positions in autonomous vehicles.