Understanding fetal posterior fossa abnormalities: Insights from MRI and ultrasound imaging

Background: The posterior fossa is a critical brain region housing essential structures such as the cerebellum and brainstem, crucial for coordination, balance, and autonomic functions. Abnormalities in this area significantly impact fetal development and postnatal outcomes, necessitating accurate diagnosis and characterization of fetal posterior fossa abnormalities. Aims: This review aims to analyze the diagnostic role of ultrasound, the primary imaging modality due to its accessibility and safety, and magnetic resonance imaging, which provides enhanced diagnostic accuracy in identifying central nervous system anomalies, particularly those involving the posterior fossa. A comprehensive approach is proposed to address the diagnostic complexities of cerebellar malformations, including ambiguous terminology and overlapping clinical features, which pose notable challenges. Relevance for patients: The complexity and lack of consensus regarding cerebellar malformations across medical disciplines can hinder accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. By advancing interdisciplinary research and refining diagnostic approaches, this study aims to enhance clinical management strategies and improve patient outcomes in cases of posterior fossa pathologies, ultimately fostering a more integrated and effective approach to diagnosis and treatment.