Enhancing Cement-Based Composites Properties by NaOH-Treated Luffa Fibers

The combination of cement and natural fibers, as well as Luffa fibers, represents a revolutionary breakthrough in sustainable building materials. By combining these elements, this innovation has metamorphosed the mechanical properties of the fibers, significantly improving their ability to bond with cement. This synergy offers a major breakthrough in the creation of composites that are both robust and environmentally friendly, opening the way to a multitude of potential applications in the industrial and construction sectors. The Luffa fibers were subjected to extensive tensile tests to evaluate their strength and elasticity after a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment procedure, while the composite material was subjected to three-point bending tests to analyze its mechanical properties under varying loads. At the same time, the density of the composite was accurately determined, and in-depth studies were carried out to assess its water absorption rate, which is critical for construction applications. In addition, detailed mathematical modeling was performed using advanced methods such as Hirsch, ROM and IROM. Alkali treatment substantially increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of Luffa fibers respectively from 23.80 ± 2.1 MPa to 67.01 ± 2.8 MPa with an increasement by 142%, and 3.65 ±0.4 GPa to 11.39 ± 0.9 GPa with an increasement by 152%. Cement composites showed a peak flexural strength of 1.42 MPa at 1.04%. The significant improvement in the mechanical properties of Luffa fibers achieved through alkali treatment, coupled with their inherent biodegradability, positions them as a promising sustainable reinforcement material for the construction industry.