Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of ethanolic extract of galla rhois (EtGR) in an EtOH/HCl- Induced gastric ulcer model in mice

Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of ethanolic extract of galla rhois (EtGR) in an EtOH/HCl- Induced gastric ulcer model in mice - Background: Gastric ulcers are a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder caused by an imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors in the stomach. Ethanolic extract of Galla Rhois (EtGR) contains bioactive tannins, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluates the protective effects of EtGR against ethanol/hydrochloric acid (EtOH/HCl)-induced gastric ulcers in mice. Materials and Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was conducted to identify the major tannins in EtGR. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. A gastric ulcer model was induced by administering 70% EtOH in 150 mM HCl to mice. The mice were divided into five groups: normal control, vehicle-treated gastric ulcer group, and three EtGR-treated gastric ulcer groups (low, medium, and high doses). Body weight changes, lesion index, and histopathological parameters were recorded over seven days. Results: HPLC analysis identified gallotannin (68.7%), gallic acid (27.2%), and methyl gallate (4.1%) EtGr (p < 0> Conclusion: EtGR demonstrates strong antioxidant and gastroprotective effects in an EtOH/HCl-induced gastric ulcer model, potentially due to its tannin content. These findings suggest that EtGR could be explored as a natural therapeutic option for gastric ulcers. Keywords: Galla rhois, Gastric ulcer, Antioxidant activity, Tannins, Histopathology, Ethanolic extract, Oxidative stress.