Concept of “Ecological Culture” in the Context of Historiography and Its Application to the Russian Peasantry

A relatively new field of historical research — environmental history — has gained a predominantly urban «specialization» in Russian historiography, focusing on the study of the impact of urbanization and industrial human activity. Meanwhile, the chain of «nature use — economic activity — ecology» is clearly reflected in the agrarian economy, including the specific activities of its actors — the peasants. For the main sectors of peasant economy - agriculture and animal husbandry, the natural and climatic conditions of their habitat serve as determining «technological» parameters, as well as the outcomes of production. At the same time, by carrying out their economic and domestic activities, farmers transform the natural landscape into an anthropogenic one, which, in turn, highlights the relevance of addressing rural ecological issues. This article attempts to explore the meaning of the term “ecological culture” and its application to Russian peasantry, as well as the history of the concept’s formation in ethnographic and historical studies.