Morphological paradigm in the context of dialect grammar

The author argues that dialect grammar, like the grammar of the literary standard, should have a paradigmology as its component describing the system of parts of speech, since it is in the paradigm that the objects observed in speech – word forms – are generalised. Just as a lexicologist models a lexeme from these observed word forms, a grammarian generalises them in a morphological paradigm (word-changing, formative, word-forming) and then, taking into account the connection between grammar and lexicon, models the system of parts of speech. The article proposes solutions to some of the main problems of paradigmology based on dialectal material: the paradigmatic structure of categories, completeness and symmetry of paradigms. The solution to the first problem is demonstrated on the example of the grammatical category of the Ukrainian language, where, among the numerous options for interpreting its paradigmatic structure, the one that best corresponds to its grammatical structure is chosen – with the central opposition of active voice and reflexive verbs, rather than active and passive voice. It is the reflexive verbs that are morphologically marked within the category of the mood that actively function in dialectal speech, while the passive voice, in particular its full syntactic form with the permutation of actants, occurs sporadically. Some aspects of the problem of classification of incomplete paradigms are analysed on the example of the paradigmatics of numerals in dialectal speech – the fact of its lacunarity and various models of its manifestation (on the material of compound numerals) are established. Addressing the issue of proportionality (symmetry) of paradigms in the national Ukrainian language also requires a comparison of the literary standard and dialects, since its literary form appears as an ideal model with mostly complete and symmetrical paradigms in terms of systems of forms and meanings, while colloquial speech, the dialectal form of the language, appears as mostly asymmetrical. Keywords: morphological paradigm, dialect, literary standard, grammatical category, paradigm disproportion.