Irisin and its role in fracture healing: A comparative study with hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma in a rat model

The present study is one of the first to demonstrate the potential of administering local IR via injection into the fracture hematoma to accelerate fracture healing. The superior efficacy of IR over HA and PRP may be explained by its ability to enhance osteoblast activity, promote vascularization, and reduce inflammation, creating an optimal environment for bone regeneration. Unlike PRP, which primarily delivers growth factors, and HA, which supports cell migration and proliferation, IR appears to directly influence the bone microenvironment, expediting callus transformation. These findings suggest that IR may play a significant role in improving outcomes for patients at risk of delayed union. However, further clinical trials in humans are necessary to confirm its efficacy and safety for clinical applications.