LONG-TERM RESPIRATORY OUTCOMES OF PRETERM BIRTHS

Both children and adults who were born prematurely are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases throughout their lives, which can lead to a decline in lung structure and function over time. Current evidence indicates that there may be a specific lung disease linked to prematurity, significantly increasing the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adulthood. There is an urgent need for more research into the definition and classification of this condition, as well as the mechanisms behind its occurrence and clinical manifestations. It is becoming increasingly apparent that not only genetic, prenatal, and neonatal factors contribute to lung dysfunction in preterm individuals, but also various childhood exposures. These include stunted growth, allergic sensitization, respiratory infections, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, as well as factors like smoking and air pollution, which may have a larger impact than previously recognized. Given the complex and multifactorial nature of chronic lung disease associated with preterm birth, we require new approaches and well-powered prospective clinical studies to identify prognostic factors and develop effective prevention strategies.