ACHADOS DO SEGMENTO POSTERIOR POR DENGUE: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA E METANÁLISE DE PREVALÊNCIA.

Introduction: Dengue is a viral disease with symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, retroocular pain, and skin rashes. Ocular complications, more frequent in severe dengue, include macular and retinal hemorrhages, related to low platelet counts and which can lead to conditions such as optic neuritis (PAHO, 2024). Considering its possible effects on ocular health, this study aims to provide a comprehensive and updated analysis on the interference of dengue in the posterior ocular segment. Objective: To assess, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the prevalence and impact of posterior ocular segment disorders in patients with dengue. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for articles showing posterior segment disorders and including patients diagnosed with dengue. In addition, studies were considered only if they reported any clinical outcomes of interest. Case reports were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio software version 4.3.2. Results: A total of 341 records were identified, of which 34 articles were included, comprising a total of 1501 patients. Maculopathy showed a proportion of 32.24% [95% CI: 14.10% - 58.20%], I² = 95%, P < 0.01. Macular hemorrhage showed a proportion of 16.35% [95% CI: 0.52% - 88.03%], I² = 96%, P < 0.01. Retinal hemorrhage showed a proportion of 29.25% [95% CI: 15.62% - 48.01%], I² = 90%, P < 0.01. Other outcomes such as macular edema, cotton-wool spots, disc edema, vascular sheathing, optic neuropathy, and subhyaloid hemorrhage were also analyzed, showing varying proportions and levels of heterogeneity. Conclusion: In patients with posterior segment involvement due to dengue, the prevalence of ocular involvement was significant. The observation of the outcomes indicates that posterior segment involvement is a common condition among these patients, highlighting the high prevalence of complications such as maculopathy and retinal hemorrhage. The prevalence found underscores the importance of monitoring ocular complications in patients with dengue, highlighting the need for detailed ophthalmological evaluations to better understand and manage these manifestations.