Pregnant women's perceptions and knowledge of obstetric ultrasound in Central Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Obstetric ultrasonography is a non-invasive, and cost-effective imaging modality used in prenatal care to screen pregnant women, monitor fetal development, and detect anomalies. It plays a critical role in guiding clinical decision-making. Despite its routine use, many pregnant women lack a clear understanding of the safety, purpose, and diagnostic limitations of ultrasound, leading to misconceptions and unmet expectations. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional research design to evaluate pregnant women's perceptions and knowledge regarding obstetric ultrasound. A total of 395 pregnant women from the Central Region of Saudi Arabia participated in the study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 27, ensuring robust statistical evaluation and interpretation. Results: Most participants prioritized seeing the baby (65.3%) and ensuring the baby's health (53.7%) as key aspects of sonography. A significant majority (88.9%) considered 3D/4D ultrasound essential, primarily for identifying abnormalities (40.5%). While 57.2% believed ultrasound could detect all diseases. Medical appointments (32.7%) were the main information source, and most respondents (87.6%) considered hospital-provided information sufficient. However, uncertainties remained about identifying abnormalities, such as missing limbs (45.1%) or learning difficulties (44.3%). Sociodemographic variables, including nationality, age, education, income, job type, and pregnancy stage, showed no statistically significant associations with knowledge levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: While participants demonstrated awareness of the importance of ultrasound, significant knowledge gaps regarding its timing, objectives, and limitations were evident. The dual role of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool and a source of emotional reassurance highlights its value, yet misconceptions persist. Addressing these gaps requires continuous training for healthcare professionals and standardized educational sessions during prenatal visits to ensure accurate, evidence-based information is consistently shared.